Eunicella verrucosa (Pallas, 1766)

Distribuição geográfica

Comum na costa sul e oeste da Grã-Bretanha e Irlanda; em todo o sudoeste europeu, no Mediterrâneo e na costa noroeste da África.

Habitat

Habitat – rochas, principalmente as que apresentam superfícies verticais ou suspensas, a profundidades que variam entre os 10-200 m.

Preferem áreas onde o movimento da água (por ação das ondas ou correntes) é moderadamente forte.

Alimentação – os pequenos pólipos alimentam-se por filtração. Junto à base da colónia surgem vários ramos que crescem num só plano e todos na direção em que a corrente da água favorece a filtração.

Características identificativas

Colónias de pequenos pólipos com uma base larga para se fixar ao substrato.

Têm altura média de 25cm, podendo crescer até aos 50cm.

A sua cor varia entre o branco e o rosa.

Facilmente confundível com:

Estatuto de Conservação

Principais ameaças

Ameaças actuais às comunidades de gorgónias incluem pesca por arrasto, alterações na química dos oceanos devido às alterações climáticas, doenças provocadas por agentes patogénicos e impactos relacionados com o mergulho recreativo e actividades náuticas.

Sinónimos

Gorgonia verrucosa Pallas, 1766
Eunicella germaini Stiasny, 1937
Eunicella tenuis Verrill, 1869
Gorgonia verrucosa Pallas, 1766
Gorgonia verrucosa Pallas, 1766

Informação Adicional

Pesquise mais sobre Eunicella verrucosa > World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) ~Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland ~ Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) ~ Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) ~ Marine Species Identification Portal ~ Oceanário de Lisboa

Referências Internacionais

additional source Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp. [details]

basis of record van Ofwegen, L.; Grasshoff, M.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia (excl. Pennatulacea), in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 104-105 [details]

additional source Watling, L.; Auster, P. (2005). Distribution of deep-water Alcyonacea off the Northeast Coast of the United States. In: Freiwald, A., R.J. Murray, editors. Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems. Proceedings of the Second Deep-Sea Coral Symposium, Erlangen, Germany, September 2003. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp 279-296. [details]

additional source Watling, L.; Auster, P. (2005). Distribution of deep-water Alcyonacea off the Northeast Coast of the United States. In: Freiwald, A., R.J. Murray, editors. Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems. Proceedings of the Second Deep-Sea Coral Symposium. 279-296. [details]

additional source Carpine, C., Grasshoff, M. (1975). Les gorgonaires de la Méditerranée. Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique, Monaco. 7(430), 140 p., available online at http://paleopolis.rediris.es/benthos/TaP/Carpine-1975.pdf [details]

additional source Grasshoff, M. (1992). Die Flachwasser-Gorgonarien von Europa und Westafrika (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Band 149. Frankfurt a. M., 135 pp. [details]

additional source Bayer, F. M. (2000). A new species of Leptogorgia from the eastern Pacific (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Holaxonia). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 113(3), 609-616. [details]

additional source Weinberg, S. (1976). Revision of the common Octocorallia of the Mediterranean circalittoral. I. Gorgonacea. Beaufortia. 24(313): 63-104., available online at http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/548643 [details]

additional source Weinberg, S. (1977). Revision of the common Octocorallia of the Mediterranean circalittoral II. Alcyonacea. Beaufortia. 25(326): 131-166., available online at https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/505058 [details]

additional source Deichmann, E. (1936). The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College. 53: 1-317, plates 1-37., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4363633 [details]

additional source Picton, B. E. (1985). Anthozoans (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) new to Ireland and new records of some rarely recorded species. Irish Naturalists’ Journal, 21(11): 484-488 [details]

additional source Hickson, S. J. (1930). On the classification of the Alcyonaria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, XIV, 229-252 [details]

additional source Thomson, J. A. (1929). Alcyonaires des environs de Monaco et de localités diverses. Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique (Monaco), (534): 1-10 [details]

additional source Williams, G. C. (1992). The Alcyonacea of southern Africa. Gorgonian octocorals (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). Annals of the South African Museum, 101, 8, 181-296, Fig. 1 [details]

additional source Grasshoff, M. (1999). The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 1-2, 1-121 [details]

additional source Fredj, G. (1972). Compte rendu de plongée en S.P. 300 sur les fonds à Laminaria rodriguezii Bornet de la pointe de Revellata (Corse). Bulletin de l’Institut Océanographique (Monaco), 71(1421): 1-42 [details]

context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. [details]

additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. 627 pp. [details]

additional source Kükenthal, W. (1924). Coelenterata: Gorgonaria. in: Das Tierreich (Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen). 47. 478 pp. [details]

additional source Ramvilas, G.; Alderslade, P.; Ranjeet, K. (2023). The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighboring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice. Zootaxa. 5236: 1-124., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5236.1.1 [details]