Pseudorca crassidens (Owen, 1846)
AphiaID: 137104
Código Natura 2000: 2028
Biota (Superdominio) > Animalia (Reino) > Chordata (Filo) > Vertebrata (Subfilo) > Gnathostomata (Infrafilo) > Tetrapoda (Megaclasse) > Mammalia (Classe) > Theria (Subclasse) > Cetartiodactyla (Ordem) > Cetancodonta (Subordem) > Cetacea (Infraordem) > Odontoceti (Superfamilia) > Delphinidae (Familia) > Pseudorca (Genero)
Descrição
É uma baleia dentada e possui um único espiráculo; atinge até 6m de comprimento; a barbatana dorsal, em forma de foice, é alta, grande e localizada no meio das costas; as barbatanas peitorais são pontiagudas; a cabeça é suavemente inclinada, sem focinho.
Distribuição geográfica
Ocorre em todo o Atlântico, Pacífico e Oceanos Índico.
Habitat
É comum em mares tropicais ou temperados. Visita águas costeiras, mas prefere permanecer em águas mais profundas, chegando mesmo aos 2000m de profundidade.
Ecologia
É um predador ativo e voraz que captura presas de grandes dimensões como atuns, dourados, espadins, cefalópodes, e também outros mamíferos marinhos, aparentando possuir eficazes técnicas de caça em grupo.
Os picos de reprodução são no final do inverno até ao início da primavera. Tem apenas uma cria por gravidez e a gestação dura entre 11 a 15,5 meses.
Características identificativas
- Os machos adultos medem 5 a 6 m e as fêmeas 4 a 5m;
- A cabeça é esguia sem bico nem melão proeminentes;
- O corpo é fusiforme e em forma de torpedo;
- Apresenta uma coloração negra azulada e uniforme;
- A forma geral do corpo é alongada;
- A barbatana dorsal é elevada e pontiaguda, a sua inserção é muito central no corpo.
Estatuto de Conservação
Sinónimos
Globicephalus grayi Burmeister, 1867
Orca crassidens Gray, 1846
Orca destructor Cope, 1866
Orca meridionalis Flower, 1865
Phocaena crassidens Owen, 1846
Pseudorca crassidens meridionalis Deraniyagala, 1945
Pseudorca grayi Burmeister, 1872
Pseudorca mediterranea Giglioli, 1882
Pseudorca meridionalis Gray, 1866
Referências Internacionais
Hatton, K. 2008. “Pseudorca crassidens” (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Pseudorca_crassidens/
Barnes, M.K.S. 2008. Pseudorca crassidens False killer whale. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Available from: https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/123
Feio R.; Dias L.; Machete M.; Gonçalves J.; Serrão Santos R. (2009) Programa de Observação para as Pescas dos Açores. DOP/IMAR, Horta.
additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
basis of record van der Land, J. (2001). Tetrapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 375-376 [details]
additional source Culik, B. 2000. Convention on Migratory Species: Whales and Dolphins., available online at http://www.wcmc.org.uk/cms/reports/small_cetaceans/data/K_sima/K_sima.htm [details]
additional source Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). Cetacea. In Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. 723–743., available online at http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/ [details]
additional source Rice, D. W. (1998). Marine mammals of the world. Systematics and distribution. Society for Marine Mammalogy Special Publication. 4., available online at http://www.marinemammalscience.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/MarineMammalsOfTheWorld.pdf [details]
additional source Hershkovitz, P. (1966). Catalog of Living Whales. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. (246): 1-259., available online at https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.246 [details]
additional source Perrin, W.F.; Würsig, B.; Thewissen, J.G.M. (2009). Encyclopedia of marine mammals. Second edition. Academic Press: London. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9. xxix, 1316 pp. [details]
additional source Stacey, P. J., S. Leatherwood and R. W. Baird. (1994). Pseudorca crassidens. Mammalian Species 456:1–6. [details]
additional source Jefferson, T. A., M. A. Webber and R. L. Pitman. (2008). Marine mammals of the world. Academic Press, Amsterdam. [details]
additional source King, C.M.; Roberts, C.D.; Bell, B.D.; Fordyce, R.E.; Nicoll, R.S.; Worthy, T.H.; Paulin, C.D.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Keyes, I.W.; Baker, A.N.; Stewart, A.L.; Hiller, N.; McDowall, R.M.; Holdaway, R.N.; McPhee, R.P.; Schwarzhans, W.W.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Rust, S.; Macadie, I. (2009). Phylum Chordata: lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 431-554. [details]
additional source Schmidly, D. J. and B. Würsig. 2009. Mammals (Vertebrata: Mammalia) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1343–1352 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
original description Owen. (1846). A history of British fossil mammals and birds., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.31556 [details]
additional source Liu J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp. [details]
context source (HKRMS) Jefferson TA. & Hung SK. (2007). An updated, annotated checklist of the marine mammals of Hong Kong. Mammalia 71: pp 105-114. [details]
additional source Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). Cetacea. In Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. 723–743., available online at http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/ [details]
additional source Schmidly, D. J. and B. Würsig. 2009. Mammals (Vertebrata: Mammalia) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1343–1352 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
context source (HKRMS) Jefferson TA. & Hung SK. (2007). An updated, annotated checklist of the marine mammals of Hong Kong. Mammalia 71: pp 105-114. [details]
additional source Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). Cetacea. In Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. 723–743., available online at http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/ [details]
additional source Schmidly, D. J. and B. Würsig. 2009. Mammals (Vertebrata: Mammalia) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1343–1352 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
context source (HKRMS) Jefferson TA. & Hung SK. (2007). An updated, annotated checklist of the marine mammals of Hong Kong. Mammalia 71: pp 105-114. [details]
additional source Culik, B. (2000). Convention on Migratory Species: Whales and Dolphins. , available online at http://www.wcmc.org.uk/cms/reports/small_cetaceans/data/K_sima/K_sima.htm [details]
additional source Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). Cetacea. In Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. 723–743., available online at http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/ [details]
additional source Schmidly, D. J. and B. Würsig. 2009. Mammals (Vertebrata: Mammalia) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1343–1352 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp. [details]
context source (HKRMS) Jefferson TA. & Hung SK. (2007). An updated, annotated checklist of the marine mammals of Hong Kong. Mammalia 71: pp 105-114. [details]
additional source King, C.M.; Roberts, C.D.; Bell, B.D.; Fordyce, R.E.; Nicoll, R.S.; Worthy, T.H.; Paulin, C.D.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Keyes, I.W.; Baker, A.N.; Stewart, A.L.; Hiller, N.; McDowall, R.M.; Holdaway, R.N.; McPhee, R.P.; Schwarzhans, W.W.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Rust, S.; Macadie, I. (2009). Phylum Chordata: lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 431-554. [details]
ecology source Looby, A.; Erbe, C.; Bravo, S.; Cox, K.; Davies, H.L.; Di Iorio, L.; Jézéque, Y.; Juanes, F.; Martin, C.W.; Mooney, T.A.; Radford, C.; Reynolds, L.K.; Rice, A.N.; Riera, A.; Rountree, R.; Sprie, B.; Stanley, J.; Vela, S.; Parsons, M.J.G. Underwater Soniferous Behavior Trait Provided in the World Register of Marine Species. (In preparation). [details]
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