Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766)

Conservation Status

Conservation status and major threats

Synonyms

Alcyonium borlasii Turton, 1807
Alcyonium schlosseri Pallas, 1766
Aplidium verrucosum Dalyell, 1839
Botryllus aurolineatus Giard, 1872
Botryllus badium Alder & Hancock, 1912
Botryllus badius Alder & Hancock, 1912
Botryllus bivittatus Milne Edwards, 1841
Botryllus calendula Giard, 1872
Botryllus calyculatus Alder & Hancock, 1907
Botryllus castaneus Alder & Hancock, 1848
Botryllus gascoi Della Valle, 1877
Botryllus gemmeus Savigny, 1816
Botryllus gouldii Verrill, 1871
Botryllus marionis Giard, 1872
Botryllus miniatus Alder & Hancock, 1912
Botryllus minutus Savigny, 1816
Botryllus morio Giard, 1872
Botryllus polycyclus Savigny, 1816
Botryllus pruinosus Giard, 1872
Botryllus rubens Alder & Hancock, 1848
Botryllus rubigo Giard, 1872
Botryllus smaragdus Milne Edwards, 1841
Botryllus stellatus Gaertner, 1774
Botryllus violaceus Milne Edwards, 1841
Botryllus violatinctus Hartmeyer, 1909
Botryllus virescens Alder & Hancock, 1848

International References

additional source Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp. [details]

additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]

additional source van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]

basis of record Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: pp. 352-355. [details]

additional source Gosner, K. L. (1971). Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 693 p. [details]

additional source Kott, P.; Bradford-Grieve, J.; Esnal, G.; Murdoch, R.C. (2009). Phylum Tunicata: sea squirts, salps, appendicularians, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 409-430. [details]

additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]

additional source Kott, P. (1985). The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Mem Qd Mus. 23: 1-440., available online at http://biostor.org/reference/109626 [details]

additional source Millar, R. H. (1955). On a collection of ascidians from South Africa. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 125(1): 169-221. [details]

additional source Thomas, M.L.H. (ed.). 1983. Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64. 306 p. [details]

additional source Meinkoth, N.A. 1981. Field guide to North American seashore creatures. The Audubon Society. Alfred A. Knopf. New York. 799 p. [details]

additional source Miner, R. W. 1950. Field book of seashore life. G.P. Putnam & Sons. New York. 888 p. [details]

additional source Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B. 68: p. [details]

additional source Zenetos, A., M.E. Çinar, M.A. Pancucci-Papadopoulou, J.G. Harmelin, G. Furnari, F. Andaloro, N. Bellou, N. Streftaris & H. Zibrowius. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. Mediterranean Marine Science 6(2):63-118. [details]

additional source Cole, L. and G. Lambert. 2009. Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1209–1216 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]

additional source Gosner, K. L. (1978). A field guide to the Atlantic seashore. Boston : Houghton Mifflin. 329p. [details]

additional source Dyntaxa. (2013). Swedish Taxonomic Database. Accessed at www.dyntaxa.se [15-01-2013]., available online at http://www.dyntaxa.se [details]

additional source Trott, T. J. (2004). Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. Northeastern Naturalist. 11, 261-324., available online at http://www.gulfofmaine.org/kb/files/9793/TROTT-Cobscook%20List.pdf [details]

additional source Liu J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp. [details]

additional source Brine, O.; Hunt, L.; Costello, M. J. (2013). Marine biofouling on recreational boats on swing moorings and berths. Management of Biological Invasions. 4(4): 327-341., available online at https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2013.4.4.07 [details]

context source (Introduced species) Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. BioInvasions Records. 1: 235-245., available online at http://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu [details]

context source (HKRMS) Kott P. & Goodbody I. (1982). The ascidians of Hong Kong. In: Morton B, editor. Proceedings of the first international marine biological workshop: The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. 1: pp 503-554. [details]

basis of record Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: pp. 352-355. [details]

additional source Gosner, K. L. (1971). Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 693 p. [details]

additional source Miner, R. W. 1950. Field book of seashore life. G.P. Putnam & Sons. New York. 888 p. [details]

additional source Zenetos, A., M.E. Çinar, M.A. Pancucci-Papadopoulou, J.G. Harmelin, G. Furnari, F. Andaloro, N. Bellou, N. Streftaris & H. Zibrowius. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. Mediterranean Marine Science 6(2):63-118. [details]

additional source Cole, L. and G. Lambert. 2009. Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1209–1216 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]

context source (HKRMS) Kott P. & Goodbody I. (1982). The ascidians of Hong Kong. In: Morton B, editor. Proceedings of the first international marine biological workshop: The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. 1: pp 503-554. [details]

additional source Meinkoth, N. A. (1981). Field guide to North American seashore creatures. The Audubon Society. 1-799. [details]

additional source Thomas, M. L. H. (1983). Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 64:1-306. [details]

additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp. [details]

basis of record Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: pp. 352-355. [details]

additional source Gosner, K. L. (1971). Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 693 p. [details]

additional source Miner, R. W. (1950). Field book of seashore life. G.P. Putnam & Sons. 1-888. [details]

additional source Zenetos, A.; Çinar, M.E.; Pancucci-Papadopoulou, M.A.; Harmelin, J.-G.; Furnari, G.; Andaloro, F.; Bellou, N.; Streftaris, N.; Zibrowius, H. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. Mediterranean Marine Science. 6 (2): 63-118., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273213810_Annotated_list_of_marine_alien_species_in_the_Mediterranean_with_records_of_the_worst_invasive_species [details]

additional source Cole, L. and G. Lambert. 2009. Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1209–1216 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]

biology source Tepolt, C. K. (2014). Adaptation in marine invasion: a genetic perspective. Biological Invasions. 17(3): 887-903., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0825-8 [details]

context source (HKRMS) Kott P. & Goodbody I. (1982). The ascidians of Hong Kong. In: Morton B, editor. Proceedings of the first international marine biological workshop: The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. 1: pp 503-554. [details]

additional source Gosner, K.L. (1979). A Field Guide to the Atlantic Seashore. Invertebrates and Seaweeds of the Atlantic Coast from the Bay of Fundy to Cape Hatteras. Boston 329pp., figs. 1-72, pls. 1-64. [details]

additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. 627 pp. [details]