Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758

Distribuição geográfica

Cosmopolita nas águas costeiras das zonas tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas de todos os mares.

Habitat

Espécie que tolera grandes variações de salinidade (águas muito salgadas a águas doces) e de temperatura (mornas ou temperadas, de 8 a 24 ° C). Encontra-se perto da costa, em enseadas e lagoas com fundo de areia ou lama, em estuários e ambientes de água doce.

Ecologia

Alimenta-se principalmente de zooplâncton, matéria vegetal morta e detritos.

Reproduz-se na água salgada, mas passam a maior parte de sua vida na água doce. Durante os meses de outono e inverno os indivíduos adultos migram para o mar para desovar.

Características identificativas

• Corpo alongado, de secção sub-cilíndrica;
• Cabeça maciça e achatada dorsalmente;
• Olhos recobertos parcialmente por uma pálpebra adiposa;
• Boca pequena, terminal e sub-terminal;
• Barbatanas peitorais curtas inseridas a meia distância entre os níveis da base das peitorais e da origem da dorsal.
• Tecido adiposo cobre a maior parte da pupila,
• Extremidade posterior do maxilar não visível com a boca fechada,
• Escama na axila das barbatanas peitorais bem desenvolvida

Facilmente confundível com:

Estatuto de Conservação

Sinónimos

Myxus superficialis Klunzinger, 1870

Informação Adicional

Tamanho mínimo de captura – 200 mm.

Pesquise mais sobre Mugil cephalus > ~ FishBase ~ADW

Referências Internacionais

Manual Prático De Identificação de Peixes Ósseos da Costa Continental Portuguesa – IPMA (2015)

MARTINS, R.; CARNEIRO, M., 2018. Manual de identificação de peixes ósseos da costa continental portuguesa – Principais Características Diagnosticantes. IPMA, I.P., 204p

Pullukat, R. 2006. “Mugil cephalus” (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mugil_cephalus/

original description Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542 [details]

additional source Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R.; van der Laan, R. (eds). (2017). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version., available online at http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp [details]

additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2017). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. , available online at http://www.fishbase.org [details]

basis of record van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 [details]

additional source Scott, W.B.; Scott, M.G. (1988). Atlantic fishes of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. No. 219. 731 pp. [details]

additional source Welshman, D., S. Kohler, J. Black and L. Van Guelpen. 2003. An atlas of distributions of Canadian Atlantic fishes. , available online at http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/FishAtlas/default.htm [details]

additional source King, C.M.; Roberts, C.D.; Bell, B.D.; Fordyce, R.E.; Nicoll, R.S.; Worthy, T.H.; Paulin, C.D.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Keyes, I.W.; Baker, A.N.; Stewart, A.L.; Hiller, N.; McDowall, R.M.; Holdaway, R.N.; McPhee, R.P.; Schwarzhans, W.W.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Rust, S.; Macadie, I. (2009). Phylum Chordata: lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 431-554. [details]

additional source McEachran, J. D. (2009). Fishes (Vertebrata: Pisces) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1223–1316 in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]

additional source Liu J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp. [details]

context source (HKRMS) Hong Kong marine fish database. AFCD. , available online at http://www.hk-fish.net/eng/database/index.htm [details]

context source (RAS) Australian Antarctic Data Centre. , available online at https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/biodiversity/ [details]

additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2018). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. , available online at http://www.fishbase.org [details]

additional source McEachran, J. D. (2009). Fishes (Vertebrata: Pisces) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1223–1316 in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]

additional source Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R.; van der Laan, R. (eds). (2018). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version., available online at http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp [details]

additional source Welshman, D.; Kohler, S; Black, J.; and L. Van Guelpen. (2003). An atlas of distributions of Canadian Atlantic fishes. , available online at http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/FishAtlas/default.htm [details]

original description Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. , available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542 [details]

additional source Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019., available online at http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp [details]

additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2019). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2019)., available online at http://www.fishbase.org [details]

additional source McEachran, J. D. (2009). Fishes (Vertebrata: Pisces) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1223–1316 in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]

additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp. [details]

additional source King, C.M.; Roberts, C.D.; Bell, B.D.; Fordyce, R.E.; Nicoll, R.S.; Worthy, T.H.; Paulin, C.D.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Keyes, I.W.; Baker, A.N.; Stewart, A.L.; Hiller, N.; McDowall, R.M.; Holdaway, R.N.; McPhee, R.P.; Schwarzhans, W.W.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Rust, S.; Macadie, I. (2009). Phylum Chordata: lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 431-554. [details]

ecology source Looby, A.; Erbe, C.; Bravo, S.; Cox, K.; Davies, H.L.; Di Iorio, L.; Jézéque, Y.; Juanes, F.; Martin, C.W.; Mooney, T.A.; Radford, C.; Reynolds, L.K.; Rice, A.N.; Riera, A.; Rountree, R.; Sprie, B.; Stanley, J.; Vela, S.; Parsons, M.J.G. Underwater Soniferous Behavior Trait Provided in the World Register of Marine Species. (In preparation). [details]